Lesson 4 The Story of Shilpi
Unit Four Adolescence
A. Warm-up Activity
- Think about what the adverse effects of child marriage can be and write a 200-word passage on the topic.
- Imagine that a child marriage has been arranged in your neighbourhood. Discuss with your friends how you would convince the parents of the girl to cancel the marriage.
Answer:
Adverse Effects of Child Marriage
Child marriage, a practice prevalent in various parts of the world, has numerous adverse effects on young girls. Firstly, it curtails their education, depriving them of the opportunity to acquire knowledge and skills that could lead to better employment prospects and financial independence. Secondly, child brides often face severe health risks due to early pregnancies.
Their bodies, not fully developed for childbirth, are more susceptible to complications such as obstructed labor, hemorrhage, and fistula, which can lead to long-term health issues or even maternal mortality. Moreover, early marriage often results in social isolation, as young brides are taken away from their familiar environment and support systems.
They are also more likely to experience domestic violence, as the power dynamics in such marriages are skewed heavily against them. Psychologically, child brides can suffer from anxiety, depression, and trauma due to the abrupt transition from childhood to adulthood responsibilities.
Additionally, the cycle of poverty perpetuates, as these young mothers often lack the resources and support to provide adequately for their children, leading to another generation trapped in similar circumstances. Therefore, combating child marriage is crucial for ensuring the health, education, and empowerment of young girls, thereby fostering a more equitable and prosperous society.
Convincing Parents to Cancel a Child Marriage
If a child marriage has been arranged in my neighborhood, I would first gather my friends to discuss a strategic approach to convince the girl’s parents to cancel the marriage. We would start by arranging a meeting with the parents in a respectful and non-confrontational manner, ensuring we convey our genuine concern for the girl’s well-being.
We would present facts and statistics about the detrimental effects of child marriage on young girls, emphasizing health risks like maternal mortality and complications during childbirth. Additionally, we would highlight the importance of education in securing a brighter future for their daughter, showing how completing her studies can lead to better job opportunities and financial stability. To strengthen our case, we would bring in stories of girls who have thrived by delaying marriage and pursuing their education.
Furthermore, we would seek the support of local community leaders, healthcare providers, and representatives from NGOs working against child marriage. Their authority and expertise could add weight to our arguments. We might also propose alternative solutions, such as enrolling the girl in vocational training programs or extracurricular activities, demonstrating how these can contribute to her personal growth and future prospects.
Lastly, we would emphasize that postponing the marriage does not mean rejecting cultural traditions but rather adapting them to ensure the girl’s health, education, and overall well-being are prioritized. Through this collaborative and informed approach, we aim to persuade the parents to reconsider their decision and choose a path that ensures a better future for their daughter.
B. Read the text and answer the questions that follow:
Shilpi was only 15 years old when she married Rashid in 2008. Marrying off daughters at an early age is a standard practice for many families living in rural Bangladesh. After her wedding, Shilpi joined a local empowerment group that provides adolescent girls with the tools needed to gradually change cultural practices, particularly those pertaining to early marriage and pregnancy. The group’s activities include discussions on how to most effectively change behaviour related to reproductive health as well as one-on-one counselling.
It also offers peer-to-peer support and life skills training that help adolescents say no to early marriage. The empowerment group is one of more than 10,000 groups supported by some local Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) working all over Bangladesh. These NGOs work through Canada’s Adolescent Reproductive Health Project which also aims to increase access to quality health services for adolescents.
During one of the group sessions, Shilpi came to understand the potentially harmful effects of early marriage and pregnancy. While maternal mortality in Bangladesh has declined by more than 50 percent since 2001, the rate remains high with 173 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in 2017—dropping from 322 in 2001. Girls who get pregnant are at risk of serious health complications, including dangerous hemorrhage and fistula, a painful internal injury caused by obstructed childbirth that commonly leads to serious maternal morbidities and social exclusion.
When Shilpi heard about those risks, she invited her husband, Rashid, to discuss pregnancy with a counsellor. After hearing about the risks, Rashid agreed to delay having children for five years despite pressures from his parents and neighbours to produce offspring. Together, the couple met with a female health care provider, who informed them about the various family planning options available.
Shilpi’s mother-in-law and neighbours continued to pressurize the newlyweds. Deeply rooted cultural practices and traditions caused a rift between Shilpi and Rashid and their extended family, some of whose members insulted and criticized the couple. Unable to convince their close relatives of the risks, Shilpi and Rashid returned to the counsellor.
They took the help of a parent peer who had been trained to speak to other parents about adolescent issues. Shilpi’s mother-in-law and neighbours eventually came to understand the harmful effects of early pregnancy on mother and child. After that, the villagers no longer pressurized the couple; their parents and neighbours began to support them and speak out against early marriage and pregnancy.
C. Discuss the following questions in pairs:
a. Why did Shilpi decide to delay her pregnancy?
b. How were Shilpi and her husband able to handle the pressure for having children?
c. What are the various health-related services that couples like Shilpi and Rashid need?
d. Is there any empowerment group working in your area? If yes, what do they do?
e. As an adolescent boy/girl, what peer support can you provide to boys and girls in your locality who have already married?
Answer:
a. Why did Shilpi decide to delay her pregnancy?
Shilpi decided to delay her pregnancy after joining a local empowerment group that educated her on the potentially harmful effects of early marriage and pregnancy. Through the group’s discussions and counselling sessions, she learned about the serious health risks associated with early pregnancy, such as dangerous hemorrhage, fistula, and maternal mortality. Understanding these risks, Shilpi realized the importance of protecting her health and decided that delaying pregnancy was the best decision for her well-being.
b. How were Shilpi and her husband able to handle the pressure for having children?
Shilpi and her husband, Rashid, managed the pressure to have children by seeking support from a counsellor who explained the health risks of early pregnancy. This information convinced Rashid to agree to delay having children for five years, despite societal and familial pressures. They also met with a female healthcare provider to explore various family planning options. When their extended family continued to pressurize them, they enlisted the help of a parent peer trained to discuss adolescent issues. This additional support helped their families understand the harmful effects of early pregnancy, eventually leading to the community’s acceptance and support for their decision.
c. What are the various health-related services that couples like Shilpi and Rashid need?
Couples like Shilpi and Rashid need access to a variety of health-related services to support their decision to delay pregnancy and maintain their well-being. These services include reproductive health education, which provides information about the risks of early pregnancy and the benefits of family planning. Counseling services are essential to help couples navigate societal pressures and make informed decisions about their reproductive health. Additionally, access to comprehensive healthcare services, including maternal and child healthcare, is crucial for ensuring the health of both the mother and child. Family planning services, which offer information and access to contraceptive methods, are vital for couples to effectively plan their families. Lastly, peer support groups provide emotional support and reinforce healthy practices, helping couples like Shilpi and Rashid maintain their resolve against societal pressures.
d. Is there any empowerment group working in your area? If yes, what do they do?
In many areas, empowerment groups work actively to support adolescents and young couples by providing a range of services. These groups often focus on reproductive health education, helping young people understand their rights and the risks associated with early marriage and pregnancy. They offer counseling services to address the emotional and psychological challenges that adolescents face. Workshops and training sessions on life skills and personal development are also commonly provided, empowering young people to make informed decisions about their futures. Peer support networks are established to offer mutual support and encouragement. Additionally, these groups advocate against harmful cultural practices, raising awareness and promoting positive change within the community.
e. As an adolescent boy/girl, what peer support can you provide to boys and girls in your locality who have already married?
As an adolescent, I can provide valuable peer support to married boys and girls in my locality by sharing information about the health risks of early pregnancy and the importance of family planning. By offering a listening ear and emotional support, I can help them navigate the challenges they face in their early marriages. Connecting them with local empowerment groups, healthcare providers, and counseling services can provide them with additional resources and support. Encouraging them to continue their education or pursue vocational training can help them build a better future. Organizing community discussions and activities to raise awareness about the importance of delaying marriage and pregnancy can foster a supportive environment. Finally, advocating for change alongside local NGOs and community leaders can help promote adolescent health and rights, ultimately creating a more informed and empowered community.
D. The graph below shows the percentage of 15-19 and 20-24-year-old married women in urban and rural areas in Bangladesh who experienced physical or sexual violence in 2007. What do you think are the reasons for violence against women? Discuss the graph in small groups.
Data Source: Health Profile of Adolescents and Youth in Bangladesh, Govt. of Bangladesh, 2007, p.23
Answer:
The graph illustrates the percentage of married women aged 15-19 and 20-24 who have experienced physical or sexual violence. In general, it is seen from the graph that women of both age groups are more likely to be victims of physical violence (a) than sexual violence. The graph shows that 39.8% of rural married adolescents (aged 15-19) and 35.3% of urban adolescents have experienced some form of physical violence. On the other hand, 11.8% and 16.8% respectively of the urban age groups of 15-19 and 20-24 have been (b) victims of sexual violence. According to the graph, 11.8% and 16.8% married women in urban areas in the age groups of 15-19 and 20-24 respectively have experienced sexual violence (c) compared to 22.2% and 20.2% married women in rural areas. It is also (d) evident from the graph that young women aged 20-24 are more likely to have experienced physical violence than adolescents aged 15-19. (e) In contrast, younger women in rural areas are somewhat more likely to have experience of sexual violence than (f) older women. Overall, the graph shows an (g) alarming picture of rural and urban adolescents and young becoming victims of violence.
E. Complete the passage below that describes the graph. Use the words given in the box:
- evident, in contrast, than , older , victims, alarming, compared to, with
The graph illustrates the percentage of married women aged 15-19 and 20-24 who have experienced physical or sexual violence. In general, it is seen from the graph that women of both age groups are more likely to be victims of physical violence (a) __________ sexual violence. The graph shows that 39.8 % of rural married adolescents (aged 15-19) and 35.3 % of urban adolescents have experienced some form of physical violence. On the other hand, 11.8% and 16.8% respectively of the urban age groups of 15-19 and 20-24 have been (b) __________ of sexual violence. According to the graph, 11.8% and 16.8% married women in urban areas in the age groups of 15-19 and 20-24 respectively have experienced sexual violence (c) __________ 22.2% and 20.2% married women in rural areas. It is also (d) __________ from the graph that young women aged 20-24 are more likely to have experienced physical violence than adolescents aged 15-19. (e) __________ , younger women in rural areas are somewhat more likely to have experience of sexual violence than (f) __________ women. Overall, the graph shows an (g) __________ picture of rural and urban adolescents and young becoming victims of violence.
Answer
The graph illustrates the percentage of married women aged 15-19 and 20-24 who have experienced physical or sexual violence. In general, it is seen from the graph that women of both age groups are more likely to be victims of physical violence (a) than sexual violence. The graph shows that 39.8% of rural married adolescents (aged 15-19) and 35.3% of urban adolescents have experienced some form of physical violence. On the other hand, 11.8% and 16.8% respectively of the urban age groups of 15-19 and 20-24 have been (b) victims of sexual violence. According to the graph, 11.8% and 16.8% married women in urban areas in the age groups of 15-19 and 20-24 respectively have experienced sexual violence (c) compared to 22.2% and 20.2% married women in rural areas. It is also (d) evident from the graph that young women aged 20-24 are more likely to have experienced physical violence than adolescents aged 15-19. (e) In contrast, younger women in rural areas are somewhat more likely to have experience of sexual violence than (f) older women. Overall, the graph shows an (g) alarming picture of rural and urban adolescents and young becoming victims of violence.
F. Adolescent Health Quiz
Take the quiz to see how healthy you are. Tick each item that is true for you. Each tick mark is worth 1 point. Add up the points and check your score.
Life at home
- You have the opportunity to make decisions that are important to you.
- You can talk to caring and responsible adults about important things.
- You feel safe at home.
- You understand and follow the rules your parents have set for you.
Life at College
- You do well in college and ask for help when you need it.
- You plan to do well in your HSC examination.
- You can complete your homework/college tasks on your own.
Making Good Choices
- Your friends do not use or offer you cigarettes, alcohol, or drugs.
- You have friends who are trustworthy.
- You are active in college sports, cultural clubs, and voluntary organizations.
Healthy Lifestyle
- You have 3 healthy meals each day including breakfast.
- You take 3 calcium-rich food items, such as milk or yogurt every day.
- You eat enough fruit and vegetables daily.
- You avoid eating food high in fat, sugar, and salt most days of the week.
- You watch 2 hours of TV or less every day.
- You exercise or play sports daily.
Bonus Points
- You volunteer in your community to help others.
- You do things to help out at home.
Your total score is __________
- If your total score is 6 or less, you really need to think about changing yourself.
- If your total score is 7-10, you still need to work toward a healthier you.
- If your total score is 11 or higher, you have a healthy life. Keep it up!
Source: Bright future: http://www.mypedsdoc.com/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=LGxFX-cvX98%3D&tabid=84
Answer
-
Life at home
- You have the opportunity to make decisions that are important to you.√
- You can talk to caring and responsible adults about important things. √
- You feel safe at home. √
- You understand and follow the rules your parents have set for you.
Life at College
- You do well in college and ask for help when you need it. √
- You plan to do well in your HSC examination. √
- You can complete your homework/college tasks on your own. √
Making Good Choices
- Your friends do not use or offer you cigarettes, alcohol, or drugs. √
- You have friends who are trustworthy. √
- You are active in college sports, cultural clubs, and voluntary organizations. √
Healthy Lifestyle
- You have 3 healthy meals each day including breakfast. √
- You take 3 calcium-rich food items, such as milk or yogurt every day.
- You eat enough fruit and vegetables daily. √
- You avoid eating food high in fat, sugar, and salt most days of the week. √
- You watch 2 hours of TV or less every day. √
- You exercise or play sports daily. √
Bonus Points
- You volunteer in your community to help others. √
- You do things to help out at home. √
Your total score is —– 16
- If your total score is 6 or less, you really need to think about changing yourself.
- If your total score is 7-10, you still need to work toward a healthier you.
- If your total score is 11 or higher, you have a healthy life. Keep it up!
G. If your score is 11 or higher, explain how important the family is in shaping one’s future.
Answer
Family plays a crucial role in shaping an individual’s future, especially during adolescence. A supportive and caring family provides a strong foundation for personal growth and development. When a family encourages open communication, respects individual decisions, and ensures a safe and nurturing environment, it builds confidence and self-esteem in young people. These elements are essential for developing a healthy mindset and making responsible choices in life.
The values, habits, and attitudes imparted by family members often influence one’s outlook on life, education, relationships, and health. For instance, when a family prioritizes healthy living, education, and strong moral principles, it instills these values in the younger members. This guidance helps adolescents to stay focused on their goals, avoid negative influences, and work towards a successful and fulfilling life. In essence, the family serves as the primary support system that shapes the future by nurturing the physical, emotional, and mental well-being of its members.
H. If your score is less than 10, write a page discussing how you think you can change your situation for the better.
Answer
(Though my score is 16, here’s how someone with a score below 10 might think about improving their situation.)
If my score were less than 10, it would signal that there are areas in my life where improvements are necessary to lead a healthier and more balanced life. Reflecting on this, I would consider the following steps to change my situation for the better:
- Improve Communication at Home: I would work on building stronger relationships with my family by being more open and honest about my feelings and concerns. I would seek opportunities to discuss important matters with responsible adults in my family and make efforts to understand and respect the rules they set. Feeling safe and supported at home is vital, so I would strive to foster an environment where everyone feels valued and heard.
- Enhance Academic Performance: In my academic life, I would focus on improving my performance by setting clear goals and asking for help when needed. If I’m struggling with assignments or college tasks, I would seek assistance from teachers, peers, or tutors. Additionally, I would create a study plan that allows me to prepare effectively for my HSC examination, ensuring that I stay on track with my academic responsibilities.
- Make Better Choices: I would evaluate my friendships and social circles to ensure that I surround myself with people who encourage positive behaviors and choices. It’s essential to avoid influences that may lead me astray, such as those involving cigarettes, alcohol, or drugs. Instead, I would seek out friends who are trustworthy and share similar values.
- Adopt a Healthier Lifestyle: To improve my physical health, I would focus on making healthier dietary choices, such as including more fruits, vegetables, and calcium-rich foods in my meals. I would also aim to reduce my intake of foods high in fat, sugar, and salt. Incorporating regular exercise or sports into my daily routine would help me stay active and fit. Additionally, I would limit my screen time to ensure that I’m not spending excessive hours in front of the TV or on digital devices.
- Get Involved in the Community: Lastly, I would seek opportunities to contribute to my community by volunteering and helping others. This not only benefits those around me but also gives me a sense of purpose and fulfillment. Being proactive at home by helping out with chores and responsibilities can also strengthen my connection with my family and make me feel more involved.
By taking these steps, I believe I can make meaningful changes in my life, leading to better health, stronger relationships, and a more positive outlook on the future.
I. Find out the meaning of the following words and write sentences using them:
a. empowerment b. reproductive c. counselling d. peer e. potential f. hemorrhage g. obstructed h. morbidity i. option j. advocate
Answer
a. Empowerment
Meaning: The process of becoming stronger, more confident, and having control over one’s life and decisions.
Sentence: The organization focuses on the empowerment of women by providing them with education and job opportunities.
b. Reproductive
Meaning: Relating to the process of reproduction, the ability to produce offspring.
Sentence: Reproductive health education is essential for young people to understand their bodies and make informed choices.
c. Counselling
Meaning: Professional advice or guidance provided to help someone with personal, emotional, or psychological issues.
Sentence: After the accident, she sought counselling to help her cope with the trauma.
d. Peer
Meaning: A person of the same age, status, or ability as another specified person.
Sentence: It’s important to have positive peer influence during adolescence to make healthy life choices.
e. Potential
Meaning: The capacity to develop or achieve something in the future.
Sentence: With hard work and dedication, he has the potential to become a great leader.
f. Hemorrhage
Meaning: An escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel, especially when profuse.
Sentence: The patient was rushed to the hospital after suffering a severe hemorrhage.
g. Obstructed
Meaning: Blocked or hindered, making it difficult for something to move or progress.
Sentence: The road was obstructed by fallen trees after the storm, making travel impossible.
h. Morbidity
Meaning: The condition of being diseased or the incidence of disease within a population.
Sentence: The study focused on the morbidity rates associated with heart disease in the region.
i. Option
Meaning: A choice or alternative available in a given situation.
Sentence: After considering all her options, she decided to pursue a career in medicine.
j. Advocate
Meaning: A person who publicly supports or recommends a particular cause or policy.
Sentence: She became a strong advocate for environmental protection after witnessing the effects of pollution firsthand.
Unit 3: Life Style : Lesson 1: Manners around the world
Lesson 1 -Unforgettable History
Unit 2: Lesson 1 What is a dream?
Unit Three: Lifestyle Lesson 4: Fitness
Lesson 1: The Storm and Stress of Adolescence
Lesson 2: Adolescence and Some (Related) Problems in Bangladesh